Lorentz o'zgarishi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fizika|Fizikada]] '''Lorents o'zgarishlari fazoda''' [[Koordinatalar|koordinatali ramkadan]] [[Fazo-vaqt|birinchisiga]] nisbatan doimiy tezlikda harakatlanadigan boshqa ramkaga chiziqli [[Koordinatalar|o'zgarishlarning]] olti parametrli oilasidir.  O'zgarishlar golland fizigi tomonidan aniqlangan va  [[Hendrik Lorentz]] sharafiga nomlangan.

Haqiqiy doimiy bilan parametrlashtirilgan transformatsiyaning eng keng tarqalgan shakli <math>v,</math> x - yo'nalishi bilan chegaralangan tezlikni ifodalovchi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=The Rotation and Lorentz Groups and Their Representations for Physicists|edition=illustrated|last=Rao|first=K. N. Srinivasa|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1988|isbn=978-0-470-21044-4|page=213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRJIsf5zoM0C}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=XRJIsf5zoM0C&pg=PA210 Equation 6-3.24, page 210]</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Forshaw|Smith|2009}}</ref> kabi ifodalanadi.<math display="block">\begin{align}
t' &= \gamma \left(t  - \frac{vx}{c^2} \right)  \\
x' &= \gamma \left(x - v t \right)\\
y' &= y \\
z' &= z
\end{align}</math>bu yerda {{Math|(''t'', ''x'', ''y'', ''z'')}} va {{Math|(''t''′, ''x''′, ''y''′, ''z''′)}} koordinatalari kelib chiqishi {{Math|''t''}} = {{Math|''t''′}} =0 ga toʻgʻri keladi.  Koordinatalar o'qi bo'ylab {{Math|''v''}} tezlik bilan harakatlanayotgani ko'rinadi va  bu yerda {{Math|''c''}} - [[Yorugʻlik tezligi|yorug'lik tezligi]] va <math display="inline"> \gamma = \left (\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}\right)^{-1}</math> Lorents omilidir . Tezlik {{Math|''v''}} {{Math|''c''}} dan ancha kichik bo'lsa, Lorentz omili 1 dan deyarli farq qiladi, lekin {{Math|''v''}} {{Math|''c''}} ga yaqinlashganda, <math>\gamma</math> cheksiz o'sadi. Transformatsiya mantiqiy bo'lishi uchun {{Math|''v''}} qiymati {{Math|''c''}} dan kichik bo'lishi kerak.

Tezlikni quyidagicha ifodalash <math display="inline"> \beta = \frac{v}{c},</math> transformatsiyaning ekvivalent shakli<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cottingham|Greenwood|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm36BYq9iu0C&pg=PA21 21]}}</ref> va u quyidagicha:<math display="block">\begin{align}
ct' &= \gamma \left(c t - \beta x \right)  \\
x' &= \gamma \left(x - \beta ct \right)  \\
y' &= y \\
z' &= z.
\end{align}</math>Malumot ramkalarini ikki guruhga bo'lish mumkin: [[Inersial sanoq sistemasi|inertial]] (doimiy tezlik bilan nisbiy harakat) va inertial bo'lmagan (tezlanuvchi, egri yo'llarda harakatlanuvchi, doimiy [[burchak tezligi]] bilan aylanish harakati va boshqalar.). "Lorentz o'zgarishlari" atamasi odatda maxsus nisbiylik kontekstida ''inertial tizimlar'' orasidagi o'zgarishlarni anglatadi.

Har bir mos yozuvlar tizimida kuzatuvchi uzunliklarni o'lchash uchun mahalliy koordinatalar tizimidan (odatda bu kontekstda [[Dekart koordinatalar tizimi|Dekart koordinatalari]]) va vaqt oralig'ini o'lchash uchun soatdan foydalanishi mumkin. Hodisa - bu kosmosning bir nuqtasida [[Fazo-vaqt|vaqtning]] bir lahzasida yoki rasmiy ravishda fazoda sodir bo'ladigan narsa. O'zgartirishlar har bir kadrda kuzatuvchi tomonidan o'lchangan hodisaning makon va vaqt koordinatalarini bog'laydi.<ref group="nb">One can imagine that in each inertial frame there are observers positioned throughout space, each with a synchronized clock and at rest in the particular inertial frame. These observers then report to a central office, where all reports are collected. When one speaks of a ''particular'' observer, one refers to someone having, at least in principle, a copy of this report. See, e.g., {{Harvard citation text|Sard|1970}}.</ref>

Ular [[Klassik mexanika|Nyuton fizikasining]] mutlaq fazo va vaqtni o'z ichiga olgan Galiley o'zgarishining o'rnini bosadi (qarang: [[Galilei nisbiylik prinsipi|Galiley nisbiyligi]]). Galiley o'zgarishi yorug'lik tezligidan ancha past nisbiy tezliklarda yaxshi taxminiy hisoblanadi. Lorentz o'zgarishlari Galiley o'zgarishlarida uchramaydigan bir qator intuitiv xususiyatlarga ega. Misol uchun, ular turli [[Tezlik|tezliklarda]] harakat qilayotgan kuzatuvchilar turli masofalarni, o'tgan vaqtlarni va hatto hodisalarning turli tartiblarini o'lchashlari mumkinligini aks ettiradi, lekin har doim [[Yorugʻlik tezligi|yorug'lik tezligi]] barcha inertial sanoq sistemalarida bir xil bo'ladi. Yorug'lik tezligining o'zgarmasligi maxsus nisbiylik postulatlaridan biridir .

]=[Tarixiy jihatdan, o'zgarishlar Lorentz va boshqalarning [[Yorugʻlik|yorug'lik]] tezligi qanday qilib mos yozuvlar tizimidan mustaqil ekanligini tushuntirishga va elektromagnetizm qonunlarining simmetriyalarini tushunishga urinishlari natijasidir. Lorents o'zgarishi [[Albert Einstein|Albert Eynshteynning]] [[Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi|maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasiga]] mos keladi, lekin birinchi bo'lib olingan.

==== Elektromagnit maydonning o'zgarishi ====
[[Fayl:Lorentz_boost_electric_charge.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lorentz_boost_electric_charge.svg/390px-Lorentz_boost_electric_charge.svg.png|thumb| Lorentz elektr zaryadini kuchaytiradi, zaryad u yoki bu ramkada tinch holatda bo'ladi.]]
Lorentz o'zgarishlari [[Magnit maydon|magnit maydoni]] {{Math|'''B'''}} va [[Elektr maydon|elektr maydoni]] {{Math|'''E'''}} bir xil kuchning oddiygina turli tomonlari ekanligini ko'rsatish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin - elektromagnit kuch, [[Elektr zaryad|elektr zaryadlari]] va kuzatuvchilar o'rtasidagi nisbiy harakat natijasida.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Grant|Phillips|2008}}</ref> Elektromagnit maydonning relyativistik ta'sir ko'rsatishi oddiy fikrlash tajribasini o'tkazish orqali aniq bo'ladi.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Griffiths|2007}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==

=== Veb-saytlar ===

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* {{Citation|first1=Harvey R.|last=Brown|title=Michelson, FitzGerald and Lorentz: the Origins of Relativity Revisited|url=http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/987|year=2003}}

=== Gazetalar ===
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{{Refend}}

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{{Refend}}
[[Turkum:Nazariy fizika]]
[[Turkum:Koordinatalar sistemasi]]
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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