Dyakonov sirt to'lqini sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Dyakonov sirt to'lqinlari''' ( '''DSWs''' - '''Dyakonov surface waves''') - bu [[Izotropiya|izotrop]] va bir o'qli-[[Yorug‘likning ikkilanib sinishi|ikkilantirib sindiruvchi]] muhit o'rtasidagi chegara(interfeys) bo'ylab tarqaladigan sirt elektromagnit to'lqinlari . Ular nazariy jihatdan 1988-yilda rus fizigi Mixail Dyakonov tomonidan bashorat qilingan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dyakonov|first1=M. I.|title=New type of electromagnetic wave propagating at an interface|url=http://www.jetp.ac.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_067_04_0714.pdf|format=Free PDF download|journal=Soviet Physics JETP|volume=67|issue=4|pages=714|date=April 1988|bibcode=1988JETP...67..714D|access-date=2023-06-12|archivedate=2018-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713161426/http://www.jetp.ac.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_067_04_0714.pdf}}</ref> Boshqa turdagi [[Akustika|akustik]] va [[Elektromagnit nurlanish|elektromagnit]] sirt to'lqinlaridan farqli o'laroq, DSW ning mavjudligi tutashuvchi muhitlarning '''simmetriyasidagi''' farq bilan bog'liq. U [[Izotropiya|izotrop]] o'tkazuvchi muhit va anizotrop [[Yorug‘likning ikkilanib sinishi|bir o'qli kristal]] o'rtasidagi interfeysni ko'rib chiqdi va ma'lum sharoitlarda interfeysda lokalizatsiya qilingan to'lqinlar mavjud bo'lishi kerakligini ko'rsatdi. Keyinchalik, shunga o'xshash to'lqinlar turli yo'nalishdagi ikkita bir xil bir o'qli kristallar orasidagi interfeysda mavjud bo'lishi taxmin qilingan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Averkiev|first1=N. S. and Dyakonov, M. I.|title=Electromagnetic waves localized at the interface of transparent anisotropic media|journal=Optics and Spectroscopy (USSR)|volume=68|issue=5|pages=653|date=1990|bibcode=1990OptSp..68..653A}}</ref> Ilgari ma'lum bo'lgan elektromagnit sirt to'lqinlari, sirt plazmonlari va sirt plazmon polaritonlari interfeysni tashkil etuvchi materiallardan birining o'tkazuvchanligi manfiy bo'lsa, ikkinchisining musbat bo'lishi sharti bilan mavjud bo'ladi (masalan, plazma chastotasidan quyida havo/metall interfeysi uchun). Bundan farqli o'laroq, DSW ikkala material ham shaffof bo'lganda tarqalishi mumkin; shuning uchun ular deyarli yo'qotishlarga uchramaydi, bu ularning jalb qiluvchi jihatidir.

So'nggi yillarda DSWning ahamiyati va potensiali ko'plab tadqiqotchilarning e'tiborini tortdi: ikkala tutashgan materiallardan birining yoki ikkalasining tarkibiy xususiyatlarining o'zgarishi, masalan, har qanday kimyoviy yoki biologik agentning infiltratsiyasi tufayli -  to'lqinning xususiyatlarini o'lchovli o'zgartirish mumkin. Binobarin, ko'plab potensial tajribalar, jumladan, integratsiyalashgan optika, kimyoviy va biologik sirtni zondlash uchun qurilmalar va boshqalar ko'zda tutilgan <ref>
{{Cite journal|last=Torner|first1=L., Artigas, D., and Takayama, O.|title=Dyakonov Surface Waves|journal=Optics and Photonics News|volume=20|page=25|year=2009|doi=10.1364/OPN.20.12.000025|issue=12|bibcode=2009OptPN..20...25T}}</ref> Biroq, DSW uchun zarur shart-sharoitlarni hosil qilish oson emas va shuning uchun DSW ning birinchi prinsipial eksperimental kuzatuvi <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Crassovan, L., Artigas D., and Torner, L.|title=Observation of Dyakonov Surface Waves|format=Free PDF download|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Observation+of+Dyakonov+Surface+Waves&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C22&as_sdtp=|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|volume=102|page=043903|year=2009|bibcode=2009PhRvL.102d3903T|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.043903|pmid=19257419|issue=4}}</ref> dastlabki bashoratdan atigi 20 yil o'tgach amalga oshirildi.

Ushbu hodisaning turli jihatlari bilan bog'liq ko'plab nazariy ishlar paydo bo'ldi, batafsil sharhga qarang. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Crassovan, L. C., Mihalache, D., and Torner, L.|title=Dyakonov Surface Waves: A Review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electromagnetics_2008-04_28_3/page/n5|journal=Electromagnetics|volume=28|pages=126–145|date=2008|doi=10.1080/02726340801921403|issue=3}}</ref> Xususan, DSW ning magnit interfeyslarda, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crassovan|first1=L. C., Artigas, D., Mihalache, D., and Torner, L.|title=Optical Dyakonov surface waves at magnetic interfaces|journal=Opt. Lett.|volume=30|pages=3075–7|date=2005|bibcode=2005OptL...30.3075C|doi=10.1364/OL.30.003075|pmid=16315726|issue=22}}</ref> chap qoʻl, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crassovan|first1=L. C., Takayama, D., Artigas, D., Johansen, S. K., Mihalache, D., and Torner, L.|title=Enhanced localization of Dyakonov-like surface waves in left-handed materials|journal=Phys. Rev. B|volume=74|pages=155120|date=2006|bibcode=2006PhRvB..74o5120C|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155120|issue=15|arxiv=physics/0603181}}</ref> elektro-optik, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nelatury|first1=S. R., Polo jr., J. A., and Lakhtakia, A.|title=Electrical Control of Surface-Wave Propagation at the Planar Interface of a Linear Electro-Optic Material and an Isotropic Dielectric Material|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electromagnetics_2008-04_28_3/page/162|journal=Electromagnetics|volume=28|pages=162–174|date=2008|arxiv=0711.1663|doi=10.1080/02726340801921486|issue=3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nelatury|first1=S. R., Polo jr., J. A., and Lakhtakia, A.|title=On widening the angular existence domain for Dyakonov surface waves using the Pockels effect|journal=Microwave and Optical Technology Letters|volume=50|pages=2360–2362|date=2008|bibcode=2008arXiv0804.4879N|arxiv=0804.4879|doi=10.1002/mop.23698|issue=9}}</ref> va chiral <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gao|first1=Jun|last2=Lakhtakia|first2=Akhlesh|last3=Lei|first3=Mingkai|title=On Dyakonov-Tamm waves localized to a central twist defect in a structurally chiral material|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America B|date=2009|volume=26|issue=12|pages=B74–B82|doi=10.1364/JOSAB.26.000B74|bibcode=2009JOSAB..26B..74G}}</ref> materiallarda tarqalishi oʻrganildi. Prizmalardan foydalangan holda tuzilmalarda DSW tufayli rezonans o'tkazish bashorat qilingan <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Nikitin, A. Yu., Martin-Moreno, L., Mihalache, D., Torner, L., and Artigas, A.|title=Dyakonov surface wave resonant transmission|journal=Optics Express|volume=19|pages=6339–47|date=2011|doi=10.1364/OE.19.006339|pmid=21451661|issue=7|bibcode=2011OExpr..19.6339T|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/47330/1/430E4346-9F34-E268-395ED8DFA9217494_210915.pdf}}</ref> va DSW va sirt plazmonlari (Dyakonov plazmonlari) o'rtasidagi birikma va o'zaro ta'sir <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guo|first1=Yu.. Newman, W., Cortes, C. L. and Jacob, Z.|title=''Review Article:'' Applications of Hyperbolic Metamaterial Substrates|journal=Advances in OptoElectronics|volume=2012|pages=1–9|date=2012|doi=10.1155/2012/452502|arxiv=1211.0980}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jacob|first1=Z. and Narimanov, E. E.|title=Optical hyperspace for plasmons: Dyakonov states in metamaterials|journal=Appl. Phys. Lett.|volume=93|pages=221109|date=2008|bibcode=2008ApPhL..93v1109J|doi=10.1063/1.3037208|issue=22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Artigas, D., and Torner, L.|title=Coupling plasmons and dyakonons|journal=Optics Letters|volume=37|pages=1983–5|date=2012|bibcode=2012OptL...37.1983T|doi=10.1364/OL.37.001983|pmid=22660095|issue=11}}</ref> o'rganilgan va kuzatilgan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Shkondin, E., Bogdanov A., Panah, M. E., Golenitskii, K., Dmitriev, P., Repän, T., Malureanu, R., Belov, P., Jensen, F., and Lavrinenko, A.|title=Midinfrared surface waves on a high aspect ratio nanotrench platform|journal=ACS Photonics|volume=4|pages=2899–2907|date=2017|doi=10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00924|issue=11|url=https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/138578323/acsphotonics.7b00924.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama|first1=O., Dmitriev, P., Shkondin, E., Yermakov, O., Panah, M., Golenitskii, K., Jensen, F., Bogdanov A., and Lavrinenko, A.|title=Experimental observation of Dyakonov plasmons in the mid-infrared|journal=Semiconductors|volume=52|pages=442–6|date=2018|doi=10.1134/S1063782618040279|bibcode=2018Semic..52..442T|issue=4}}</ref>

== Fizik xususiyatlar ==
1-havolada ko'rib chiqilgan eng oddiy konfiguratsiya. o'tkazuvchanligi {{Math|''ε''}} bo'lgan izotrop material va oddiy va g'ayrioddiy to'lqinlar uchun mos ravishda {{Math|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}} va {{Math|''ε''<sub>e</sub>}} o'tkazuvchanlikka ega bo'lgan bir o'qli kristall orasidagi interfeysdan iborat. Kristal ''C'' o'qi interfeysga parallel. Ushbu konfiguratsiya uchun {{Math|''ε''<sub>e</sub> > ''ε'' > ''ε''<sub>0</sub>}} sharti bajarilgan taqdirda, DSW ''C'' o'qiga nisbatan ma'lum burchak oraliqlari ichida interfeys bo'ylab tarqalishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, DSW faqat musbat ikkilantirib sindiruvchi kristalli interfeyslar tomonidan yezaga keladi( {{Math|''ε''<sub>e</sub> > ''ε''<sub>0</sub>}} ). Burchak oralig'i quyidagi parametr bilan belgilanadi

: <math> \eta = \frac{\epsilon_e}{\epsilon_0} - 1 </math> .

DSW fazaviy va guruhiy tezligi ( {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>ph</sub>}} va {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>gr</sub>}} ) uchun burchak intervallari boshqacha. Faza tezligi oralig'i {{Math|''η''<sup>2</sup>}} ga proportsional va hatto eng kuchli ikkilantirib sindiruvchi tabiiy kristallar uchun juda tor {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>ph</sub> ≈ 1°}} ( [[rutil]] ) va {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>ph</sub> ≈ 4°}} ( [[kalomel]] ). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama, O.|title=Dyakonov Surface Waves: A Review.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electromagnetics_2008-04_28_3/page/126|journal=Electromagnetics|volume=28|pages=126–145|date=2008|last2=Crasovan, L. C.|first2=Johansen, S. K.|last3=Mihalache, D|first3=Artigas, D.|last4=Torner, L.|issue=3|doi=10.1080/02726340801921403}}</ref> Biroq, fizik jihatdan muhimroq bo'lgan guruh tezligi oralig'i sezilarli darajada kattaroqdir ( {{Math|''η''}} ga mutanosib). Hisoblar rutil uchun {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>gr</sub> ≈ 7°}}, kalomel uchun {{Math|''Δθ''<sub>gr</sub> ≈ 20°}} ni beradi.

== Perspektivlar ==
DSW muvaffaqiyatli tarqalishi uchun zarur bo'lgan qattiq [[anizotropiya]] shartlari, xususan, tarkibiy materiallardan kamida bittasining yuqori darajadagi [[Yorug‘likning ikkilanib sinishi|ikkilantirib sindirishi]] va tabiiy ravishda mavjud bo'lgan ushbu talablarga javob beradigan materiallar soni bilan cheklanganligi tufayli DSW material tizimlarining keng ko'lamda eksperimental tekshiruvi va tegishli amaliy qurilmalarning evolyutsiyasi cheklangan.  Biroq, bu yangi sun'iy muhandislik metamateriallari <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama, O.|title=Photonic surface waves on metamaterial interfaces.|journal=Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter|volume=29|pages=463001|date=2017|last2=Bogdanov, A. A.|first2=Lavrinenko, A. V.|issue=46|doi=10.1088/1361-648X/aa8bdd|pmid=29053474|bibcode=2017JPCM...29T3001T}}</ref> va inqilobiy materiallar sintezi texnikasi asosida o'zgaradi.

DSW ning anizotropiyaga va shu tariqa ta'sirga o'ta sezgirligi, ularning yo'qotish xususiyati kamligi (uzoq masofa) bilan birga, ularni keyingi avlod yuqori tezlikda uzatish va o'qish texnologiyalari uchun yuqori sezgirlikdagi taktil va ultratovushli sezgirlikni ta'minlash uchun ayniqsa jozibador qiladi. . Bundan tashqari, DSW ni noyob yo'nalish - optik signallarni boshqarish uchun ishlatish mumkin. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takayama, O.|title=Lossless directional guiding of light in dielectric nanosheets using Dyakonov surface waves.|journal=Nature Nanotechnology|volume=9|pages=419–424|date=2014|last2=Artigas, D.|first2=Torner, L.|issue=6|doi=10.1038/nnano.2014.90|pmid=24859812|bibcode=2014NatNa...9..419T}}</ref>

== Shuningdek qarang ==

* Dyakonov-Voigt to'lqini
* Sirt to'lqini
* Oqish rejimi <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first1=Hsuan-Hao|last2=Chang|first2=Hung-Chun|title=Leaky Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes at an Interface Between Metal and Uniaxially Anisotropic Materials.|journal=IEEE Photonics Journal|volume=5|issue=6|pages=4800806|date=2013|bibcode=2013IPhoJ...500806L|doi=10.1109/JPHOT.2013.2288298}}</ref>

== Havolalar ==
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[[Turkum:Fizika]]