Dietary Reference Intake Ratsionga oid ma'lumotni qabul qilish sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Dietary Reference Intake''' ('''DRI''') bu AQSh Milliy Akademiyasining  Milliy Tibbiyot Akademiyasidir (NAM) {{Efn|formerly the Institute of Medicine (IoM)}} [[Ovqatlanish nutrisiologiyasi|ovqatlanish]] bo'yicha tavsiyalar tizimi xisoblanadi.<ref name="HealthCanada">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/dietary-reference-intakes/consumer-guide-dris-dietary-reference-intakes.html|sarlavha=A Consumer's Guide to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes)|nashriyot=Health Canada|sana=2010-11-29|kirish sanasi=2017-08-29}}</ref> U 1997-yilda '''tavsiya etilgan parhezli ratsionlar''' ('''RDA''' s, pastga qarang) deb nomlanuvchi mavjud ko'rsatmalarni kengaytirish maqsadida kiritilgan. DRI qiymatlari AQSh va Kanadadagi oziq-ovqat va oziq- ovqat qo'shimchalari mahsulotlarida oziq-ovqat belgilarini belgilashda qoʻllanadigan qiymatlardan farq qiladi, ular 1968-yildagi eskirgan RDAlarga asoslangan, ammo hozirgi kunga qadar  2016-yilda yangilangan Referent Daily Intakes (RDIs) va Daily Values (%DV) dan foydalanadi.<ref name="FedReg">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf|sarlavha=Federal Register, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982|nashriyot=US Food and Drug Administration|sana=27 May 2016}}</ref>

== Parametrlar ==
DRI bir nechta turli xil mos yozuvlar qiymatlarini taqdim etadi:<ref name="HealthCanada"/>

* '''Taxminiy o'rtacha talablar''' (EAR), ilmiy adabiyotlarni o'rganish asosida ushbu yosh guruhidagi odamlarning 50% ehtiyojlarini qondirishi kutilmoqda.
* '''Tavsiya etilgan parhezli ratsionlar''' (RDA), Tibbiyot institutining Oziq- ovqat va ovqatlanish kengashi tomonidan hayotning har bir bosqichidagi va jinsiy guruhdagi sog'lom odamlarning 97,5% talablarini qondirish uchun etarli deb hisoblangan ozuqaviy moddalarning kunlik ovqatlanish darajasi. Ta'rif shuni ko'rsatadiki, iste'mol qilish darajasi atigi 2,5% ga zararli ozuqa moddalarining etishmasligiga olib keladi. U EAR asosida hisoblab chiqiladi va odatda EAR dan taxminan 20% yuqori (RDAni hisoblash ga qarang).
* '''Talabga javob beradigan iste'mol''' ('''Adequate Intake -''' AI), bu yerda hech qanday RDA o'rnatilmagan, ammo belgilangan miqdor demografik guruhdagi har bir kishi uchun etarli ekanligiga biroz qat'iy ishoniladi.
* Ko'p miqdorda zararli bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ozuqa moddalarini (masalan, [[Vitamin A|A vitamini]]) haddan tashqari ko'p iste'mol qilishdan ehtiyot bo'lish uchun '''ruxsat etilgan yuqori qabul qilish darajalari''' (UL). Bu barqaror kunlik ozuqaviy moddalarni iste'mol qilishning eng yuqori darajasi bo'lib, hayotning har bir bosqichida va jinsda sog'lom odamlarning 97,5 foizida xavfsiz va nojo'ya ta'sirlarsiz hisoblanadi. Ta'rif shuni ko'rsatadiki, iste'mol qilish darajasi zararli ozuqa moddalarining atigi 2,5% ga ko'payishiga olib keladi. Yevropa oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi boshqarmasi (EFSA) har doim ham AQSh UL bilan bir xil bo'lmagan ULlarni o'rnatdi. Masalan, kattalar uchunsinkning UL darajasi AQShda 40 mg va EFSAda 25 mg ni tashkil qiladi. <ref name="EFSA">{{Citation|title=Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals|publisher=European Food Safety Authority|year=2006|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf}}</ref>
* '''Qabul qilinadigan makronutrient taqsimot''' diapazonlari (AMDR), umumiy energiya iste'molining ulushi sifatida belgilangan iste'mol diapazoni. Yog'lar va uglevodlar kabi energiya manbalari uchun ishlatiladi.

DRIlar Qo'shma Shtatlar va Kanada tomonidan qoʻllanadi va keng jamoatchilik va sog'liqni saqlash mutaxassislari uchun mo'ljallangan. Ilovalarga quyidagilar kiradi:

* Maktablar, qamoqxonalar, kasalxonalar yoki qariyalar uylari uchun parhezlar tarkibi
* Yangi oziq-ovqat va ozuqaviy qo'shimchalarni ishlab chiqadigan sanoat tarmoqlari
* Sog'liqni saqlash sohasidagi siyosatchilar va sog'liqni saqlash xodimlari

Yevropa oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi idorasi (EFSA) umumiy maʼlumotlar to'plamini RDA o'rniga Population Reference Intake (PRI) va EAR o'rniga Average Requirement bilan  Diet Reference Values deb ataydi.

AI va UL Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi mavjud bo'lib, lekin raqamli qiymatlar jihatidan farq qilishi mumkin.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies|yil=2017|url=https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/DRV_Summary_tables_jan_17.pdf}}</ref><ref name="EFSA"/>

Avstraliya va [[Yangi Zelandiya]] maʼlumotlarning umumiy to'plamini RDA o'rniga tavsiya etilgan oziq-ovqat isteʼmoli (RDI) bilan ozuqaviy mos yozuvlar qiymatlari deb atashadi, ammo EAR, AI va UL AQSh va Kanadadagi kabi aniqlaydi, ammo raqamli qiymatlar farq qiladi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/images/nutrient-refererence-dietary-intakes.pdf|sarlavha=Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes|sana=September 2017|ish=Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing}}</ref>

== Tarixi ==
Tavsiya etilgan dietaviy nafaqa (RDA) [[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi|Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida AQSh Milliy Fanlar Akademiyasi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika%20Qo%CA%BBshma%20Shtatlari%20Milliy%20fanlar%20akademiyasi|sarlavha=United States National Academy of Sciences|kirish sanasi=28.08.2022}}</ref> tomonidan oziqlanish muammolarini o'rganish uchun tashkil etilgan qo'mita aʼzolari bo'lgan Lidiya J. Roberts, Hazel Stibeling va Xelen S. Mitchell tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib milliy mudofaga taʼsir taʼsir darajasini o'rganadi.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Harper AE|title=Contributions of women scientists in the U.S. to the development of Recommended Dietary Allowances|journal=J. Nutr.|volume=133|issue=11|pages=3698–702|date=November 2003|pmid=14608098|url=http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/133/11/3698|doi=10.1093/jn/133.11.3698}}</ref>

Qo'mita 1941-yilda Oziq-ovqat kengashi deb o'zgartirildi,keyin ular har bir ozuqa turi uchun standart kundalik norma bo'yicha tavsiyalar to'plami haqida o'ylay boshladilar. Standartlar qurolli kuchlar, tinch aholi va oziq-ovqat yordamiga muhtoj bo'lgan xorijdagi aholini ovqatlanishi bo'yicha tavsiyalar berish uchun ishlatiladi. Roberts, Stiebeling va Mitchell<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400841486-006/pdf|sarlavha=Roberts, Stiebeling va Mitchell}}</ref> barcha mavjud maʼlumotlarni o'rganib chiqdilar, "energiya va sakkizta ozuqaviy moddalar" uchun taxminiy normalar to'plamini yaratdilar va ularni ko'rib chiqish uchun ekspertlarga taqdim etdilar (Nestle, 35).

Tavsiya etilgan parhez imtiyozlari uchun RDA deb nomlangan yakuniy ko'rsatmalar 1941-yilda qabul qilingan. Nafaqalar tinch aholi va harbiy xizmatchilarning yuqori ovqatlanishini taʼminlash uchun mo'ljallangan edi, shuning uchun ular "xavfsizlik chegarasini" o'z ichiga oladi. Urush paytida oziq-ovqat ratsioni tufayli fuqarolarning oziq-ovqat isteʼmolini to'g'rilash uchun davlat idoralari tomonidan yaratilgan oziq-ovqat qo'llanmalari oziq-ovqat mavjudligini ham hisobga oldi.

Oziq-ovqat kengashi keyinchalik RDAlarni har besh-o'n yilda qayta ko'rib chiqdi. 1950-yillarning boshlarida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Qishloq xo'jaligi Departamenti ovqatlanish bo'yicha mutaxassislari odamlarga har bir ozuqa moddasining RDAlarini olishni osonlashtirish uchun har bir oziq-ovqat guruhining porsiyalari sonini o'z ichiga olgan yangi ko'rsatmalar to'plamini ishlab chiqdilar.

DRI 1997-yilda mavjud RDA tizimini kengaytirish maqsadida joriy etilgan. DRIlar 1998-yildan 2001-yilgacha nashr etilgan. 2011-yilda kaltsiy va D vitamini uchun qayta ko'rib chiqilgan DRIlar nashr etildi.<ref name="vitD-Calcium2">{{Kitob manbasi|title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D|publisher=National Academy Press|location=Washington DC|year=2011|isbn=978-0-309-16394-1|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050|quote=..., The IOM finds that the evidence supports a role for vitamin D and calcium in bone health but not in other health conditions. Further, emerging evidence indicates that too much of these nutrients may be harmful, challenging the concept that "more is better".}}</ref> 1998-yildan 2001-yilgacha birinchi marta nashr etilganidan beri boshqa DRIlarning hech biri qayta ko'rib chiqilmagan.

== Qo'shma Shtatlar va Kanada uchun joriy tavsiyalar ==
Homilador yoki emizikli ayollar bundan mustasno, to'qqiz yosh va undan katta yoshdagi odamlar uchun eng yuqori EAR va RDA/AI va eng past ULs. Yosh bolalar uchun ULs katta yoshdagilar uchun RDA/AI dan past bo'lishi mumkin. Ayollar erkaklarnikiga qaraganda ko'proq temirga muhtoj va odatda homilador yoki emizishda ko'proq ozuqa moddalariga muhtoj.<ref name="Nutrient Recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Nutrient Recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx|ish=National Institutes of Health|nashriyot=HHS|kirish sanasi=May 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads/recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf|ish=usda.gov|kirish sanasi=May 31, 2021|arxivsana=2022-05-26|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526055316/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads/recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf}}</ref>

=== Vitaminlar va xolin ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Nutrient
! rowspan="2" |Eng yuqori EAR
! colspan="2" |Eng yuqori {{Abbr|RDA|Recommended Dietary Allowances}}/{{Abbr|AI|Adequate Intake}}
! rowspan="2" |Eng past{{Abbr|UL|Tolerable upper intake levels}}
! rowspan="2" |Unit
! rowspan="2" |Top common sources, 100 grams, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)<ref name="USDA">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/index|sarlavha=Search ordered by selected nutrient per 100 gram amounts: sort by nutrient among all foods, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, SR28|sana=2016|kirish sanasi=28 October 2017|arxivsana=2016-04-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429121340/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/index}}</ref>
|-
!Erkaklarda
!Ayollarda
|-
|[[Vitamin A]]
|630
|900
|700{{Efn|1300 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|1700{{Efn|600 for children aged 8 years and younger}}
|µg
|cod liver oil, liver, dehydrated red sweet peppers, [[veal]], dehydrated carrots
|-
|Tiamin (B<sub>1</sub>)
|1.0
|1.2
|1.1{{Efn|1.4 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|mg
|fortified breakfast cereals, energy bars, and baby food products
|-
|[[Riboflavin]] (B<sub>2</sub>)
|1.1
|1.3
|1.1{{Efn|1.6 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|mg
|fortified food products, lamb liver, spirulina
|-
|Niasin (B<sub>3</sub>)
|12
|16
|14{{Efn|18 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|20{{Efn|10 for children aged 8 years and younger}}
|mg
|fortified food products, bakerʼs yeast, rice bran, instant coffee, fortified beverages
|-
|Pantotenik kislota (B<sub>5</sub>)
|NE
|5
|5{{Efn|7 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|mg
|fortified food and beverage products, dried shiitake mushrooms, beef liver, rice bran
|-
|[[Piridoksin|Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]]
|1.4
|1.7
|1.5{{Efn|2.0 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|60
|mg
|fortified food and beverage products, rice bran, fortified [[Margarin|margarines]], ground sage
|-
|[[Biotin]] (B<sub>7</sub>)
|NE
|30
|30{{Efn|35 for lactating women}}
|ND
|µg
|organ meats, eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Biotin, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals|nashriyot=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-HealthProfessional/#h3|sana=3 October 2017|kirish sanasi=28 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Folat kislota|Folat]](B<sub>9</sub>)
|330
|400
|400{{Efn|600 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|600{{Efn|300 for children aged 8 years and younger}}
|µg
|bakerʼs yeast, fortified food and beverage products, poultry liver
|-
|[[Vitamin B12 (Cyanokobalamin)|Kobalamin]] (B<sub>12</sub>)
|2.0
|2.4
|2.4{{Efn|2.8 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|µg
|shellfish, beef, animal liver, fortified food and beverage products
|-
|[[Askorbin kislota|Vitamin C]]
|75
|90
|75{{Efn|120 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|1200
|mg
|fortified beverages, dried sweet peppers, raw acerola, dried chives and coriander, rose hips, fortified food products
|-
|[[Kalsiferollar|Vitamin D]]
|10
|20
|20
|100
|µg
|cod liver oil, mushrooms (if exposed to [[Ultrabinafsha nurlanish|ultraviolet]] light), halibut, mackerel, canned sockeye salmon
|-
|[[Tokoferol|α-tokoferol]] (Vitamin E)
|12
|15
|15{{Efn|19 for lactating women}}
|600
|mg
|wheat germ oil, fortified food and beverage products, hazelnut oil, fortified peanut butter, chili powder
|-
|Vitamin K
|NE
|120
|90
|ND
|µg
|dried spices, fresh parsley, cooked and raw kale, chard, other [[Bargli sabzavotlar|leaf vegetables]]
|-
|Xolin
|NE
|550
|425{{Efn|550 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|2000
|mg
|egg yolk, organ meats from beef and pork, soybean oil, fish roe
|}

=== Minerallar ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Nutrient
! rowspan="2" |Eng yuqori {{Abbr|EAR|Estimated Average Requirements}}
! colspan="2" |Highest {{Abbr|RDA|Recommended Dietary Allowances}}/{{Abbr|AI|Adequate Intake}}
! rowspan="2" |Eng pastki {{Abbr|UL|Tolerable upper intake levels}}
! rowspan="2" |Birlik
! rowspan="2" |Top common sources, 100 grams, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)<ref name="USDA"/>
|-
!Erkaklarda
!Ayollarda
|-
|Kalsiy
|1100
|1300
|1300
|2000
|mg
|fortified cereals, beverages, tofu, energy bars, and baby foods, dried [[Rayhon (oʻsimlik)|basil]] and other spices, dried whey, [[Pishloq|cheese]], milk powder
|-
|Xlorid
|NE
|2300
|2300
|3400
|mg
|[[Osh tuzi|table salt]]
|-
|[[Xrom (kimyoviy element)|Xrom]]
|NE
|35
|25{{Efn|45 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|µg
|broccoli, turkey ham, dried apricots, tuna, [[Ananas|pineapple]], grape juice<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Chromium|sana=22 April 2014|nashriyot=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/chromium/}}</ref>
|-
|Mis
|700
|900
|900{{Efn|1300 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|5000
|µg
|animal liver, seaweed products, dried shiitake mushrooms, oysters, [[Kunjut|sesame seeds]], cocoa powder, cashews, sunflower seeds
|-
|[[Ftoridlar|Ftor]]
|NE
|4
|3
|10{{Efn|0.7 for children aged 3 years and younger, 2.2 for children aged 4-8 years}}
|mg
|public drinking water, where fluoridation is performed or natural fluorides are present, tea, [[Sultoniy|raisins]]
|-
|Yod
|95
|150
|150{{Efn|290 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|600
|µg
|iodized salt, kelp, cod
|-
|Temir
|8.1
|11
|18{{Efn|27 for pregnant women}}
|40
|mg
|dried thyme and other spices, fortified foods, including baby foods, animal organ meats
|-
|Magniy
|350
|420
|360{{Efn|400 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|350{{Efn|Specific to consuming more than this amount all at once, in the form of a dietary supplement, as this may cause diarrhea. Magnesium-rich foods do not cause this problem. 65 for children aged 3 and younger, 110 for children aged 4-8 years.}}
|mg
|crude rice bran, [[Chigit|cottonseed]] flour, hemp seeds, dried spices, cocoa powder, fortified beverages
|-
|[[Marganets]]
|NE
|2.3
|1.8{{Efn|2.6 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|6{{Efn|2 for children aged 8 years and younger}}
|mg
|fortified beverages and infant formulas, ground cloves and other dried spices, chickpeas, fortified breakfast cereals
|-
|[[Molibden]]
|34
|45
|45{{Efn|50 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|1100
|µg
|[[Dukkakli don ekinlari|legumes]], grain products, [[Yongʻoq|nuts]] and [[Urugʻlik|seeds]]<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Molybdenum|sana=23 April 2014|nashriyot=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/molybdenum/}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fosfor]]
|1055
|1250
|1250
|3000
|mg
|baking powder, instant pudding, cottonseed meal, hemp seeds, fortified beverages, dried whey
|-
|Kaliy
|NE
|3400
|2600{{Efn|2900 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|ND
|mg
|[[Kartoshka|Potatos]], [[Banan|bananas]], [[Kivi (meva)|kiwifruit]], prunes, [[Sultoniy|raisins]], sunflower seeds, watermelon, [[avocado]], spinach, baking powder, dried parsley and other spices, cocoa solids, instant tea and instant coffee, dried tomatoes, dried sweet peppers, soy sauce
|-
|Selen
|45
|55
|55{{Efn|70 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|280{{Efn|45 for children aged 8 years and younger}}
|µg
|Brazil nuts and mixed nuts, animal [[Buyrak|kidneys]], dried eggs, oysters, dried cod
|-
|Natriy
|NE
|1500
|1500
|1800{{Efn|The UL for sodium toxicity is not established; however, the lowest Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR) for sodium is 1800 mg for people ages 9 and up. 1200 for children aged 8 years and younger.<ref>{{kitob manbasi |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545430/ |website=NCBI |date=5 March 2019 |publisher=NIH |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref>}}
|mg
|[[Osh tuzi|table salt]], baking soda, soup bouillon cube, seasoning mixes, onion soup mix, fish sauce
|-
|[[Rux|Sink]]
|9.4
|11
|9{{Efn|13 for pregnant or lactating women}}
|40{{Efn|4 for children aged 3 years and younger}}
|mg
|oysters, fortified breakfast cereals, baby foods, beverages, peanut butter, and energy bars, wheat germ
|}
<small>'''SH''': EAR hali o'rnatilmagan yoki hali baholanmagan; '''ND''': ULsni aniqlab bo'lmadi va salbiy ta'sirlarni oldini olish uchun ushbu oziq moddalarni faqat oziq-ovqatdan olish tavsiya etiladi.</small>
{| class="wikitable"
!Modda
! Eng past UL
! kuniga birlik
|-
| [[Margimush|Arsenik]]
| ND
| —
|-
| [[Bor (unsur)|Bor]]
| 11
| mg
|-
| [[Nikel]]
| 0,6
| mg
|-
| [[Kremniy]]
| ND
| —
|-
| [[Vanadiy]]
| 1.8
| mg
|}

=== Makronutrientlar ===
19-50 yoshdagi erkaklar va ayollar uchun RDA/AI quyida ko'rsatilgan.<ref name="Nutrient Recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes"/><ref name="IOM">{{Citation|title=Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals|publisher=Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies|year=2004|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dri-tables-and-application-reports|access-date=2009-06-09}}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=noyabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition.|publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.|date=December 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Modda
! Miqdori (erkaklar)
! Miqdori (ayollar)
! Umumiy chora-tadbirlarning asosiy manbalari<ref name="USDA"/>
|-
| Suv [lower-roman 1]
| 3,7 l / kun
| 2,7 l / kun
| suv, tarvuz, [[Salat (ekin)|aysberg salatasi]], meva va sabzavotlar
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Uglevodlar]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Kaloriyalarning 45-65% 
| rowspan="2" | sut, don, meva, sabzavotlar
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 130 g / kun 
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Proteinlar|Protein]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Kaloriyalarning 10-35% [lower-roman 2]
| rowspan="2" | [[Yongʻoq|Yong'oq]], [[Dukkakli don ekinlari|dukkakli]] [[Urugʻlik|urug'lar]] ([[Dukkakli don ekinlari|puls]] va yasmiq). Hayvonot manbalari: go'sht, baliq, sut, pishloq, tuxum
|-
| 56 g / kun 
| 46 g / kun 
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Kletchatka|Elyaf]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 14 g/(1000 kkal)
| rowspan="2" | arpa, bulgur, dukkakli jo'xori, dukkaklilar, psyllium, yong'oqlar, loviya, olma
|-
| 38 g/kun 
| 25 g / kun 
|-
| Yog '
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Kaloriyalarning 20-35% 
| O'simlik moylari, sariyog ', cho'chqa yog'i, yong'oqlar, urug'lar, yog'li go'sht bo'laklari, tuxum sarig'i, pishloqlar
|-
| [[Linol kislota|Linoleik kislota]], omega-6 yog 'kislotasi (ko'p to'yinmagan) (yog'larning bir turi)
| 17 g / kun
| 12 g / kun
| O'simlik moylari (kenevir yog'i (urug'), kungaboqar yog'i (urug'), makkajo'xori yog'i ([[Makkajoʻxori|makkajo'xori]]), kolza yog'i)
|-
| alfa-linolenik kislota, omega-3 yog 'kislotasi (ko'p to'yinmagan) (yog'larning bir turi)
| 1,6 g / kun
| 1,1 g / kun
| O'simlik moylari : (zig'ir [[Zigʻir moyi|urug'i]] ([[Zigʻir|zig'ir urug'i]]), kanola yog'i (urug'i), kolza yog'i), chia urug'i, kanop urug'i, yong'oq, soya
|-
| [[Yogʻlarni gidrogenlash|Trans yog 'kislotalari]] (yog'larning bir turi)
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Iloji boricha pastroq<ref>As of 2018 partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), a specific source of TFAs, although the major one, are no longer Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS).</ref>
| Qisman vodorodlangan yog ', [[margarin]]
|-
| To'yingan yog 'kislotalari (yog'larning bir turi)
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Oziqlanish jihatidan etarli dietani isteʼmol qilishda imkon qadar kam
| [[Hayvonlar yogʻi|Hayvon yog'i]] (sut mahsulotlari), to'liq vodorodlangan yog', kokos moyi (go'sht), [[kakao moyi]], [[palma yog'i]]
|-
| Qo'shilgan shakar (uglevodning bir turi)
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Kaloriyalarning 25% dan kamrog'i<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads/recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf|ish=usda.gov|nashriyot=USDA|kirish sanasi=June 9, 2021|arxivsana=2022-05-26|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526055316/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads/recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf}}</ref>
| tabiiy bo'lmagan shirin ovqatlar: konfet, shirin ichimliklar, pechene, kek, murabbo, sirop, ko'plab qayta ishlangan ovqatlar
|}

== RDA ni hisoblash ==
RDA ni hisoblash uchun quyidagi tenglamalar qoʻllanadi:

"Agar EARning standart og'ishi (SD) mavjud bo'lsa va ozuqa moddalariga bo'lgan talab nosimmetrik taqsimlangan bo'lsa, RDA EAR ustidagi ikkita SDdan iborat:

<math>RDA = EAR + 2SD(EAR)</math>

Agar talablarning o'zgaruvchanligi to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar SDni hisoblash uchun etarli bo'lmasa, mavjud ma'lumotlar talablarning kattaroq o'zgarishini ko'rsatmasa, EAR uchun 10 foizlik o'zgarish koeffitsienti (CV) qabul qilinadi. Agar 10 foiz rezyume deb hisoblansa, EARga qo'shilganda bu miqdorning ikki barobari RDAga teng deb aniqlanadi. Natijada RDA uchun tenglama shunday bo'ladi

<math>RDA = 1.2EAR</math>

Ushbu iste'mol darajasi statistik ma'lumotlarga ko'ra aholi ehtiyojlarining 97,5 foizini tashkil qiladi."<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Panel on Micronutrients|2001}}</ref>

== Dalillar standarti ==
2007-yil sentyabr oyida Tibbiyot institutida “1994–2004-yillarda DRI rivojlanishi: olingan saboqlar va yangi muammolar” mavzusida seminar boʻlib oʻtdi.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/12086/chapter/1|title=Read "The Development of DRIs 1994-2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Workshop Summary" at NAP.edu|year=2008|doi=10.17226/12086|isbn=978-0-309-11562-9}}</ref> O'sha yig'ilishda bir nechta ma'ruzachilarning ta'kidlashicha, joriy Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRI's) asosan dalillar piramidasi sifati bo'yicha eng past darajaga, ya'ni fikrga emas, balki eng yuqori darajaga - randomizatsiyalangan nazorat ostidagi klinik sinovlarga asoslangan. Ma'ruzachilar parhez tavsiyalarini berishda yuqori darajadagi dalillardan foydalanishga chaqirdilar. O'sha yig'ilishdan 2011-yilgacha qayta ko'rib chiqilgan yagona DRIlar vitamin D va kaltsiydir.<ref name="vitD-Calcium2"/>

== Muvofiqlik ==
2004-yilda 2 yoshdan oshgan AQSh aholisining foizi EAR yoki USDA sog'lom ovqatlanish tamoyillariga javob beradi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=California|ish=Community Nutrition Mapping Project|nashriyot=[[USDA]] [[Agricultural Research Service]]|kirish sanasi=6 Nov 2014|url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=15672}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Nutrientlar
! Muvofiqlik
|-
| Protein
| 88,9%
|-
| A vitamini
| 46,0%
|-
| S vitamini
| 51,0%
|-
| E vitamini
| 13,6%
|-
| Tiamin
| 81,6%
|-
| Riboflavin
| 89,1%
|-
| Niatsin
| 87,2%
|-
| Vitamin B <sub>6</sub>
| 73,9%
|-
| Folat kislotasi
| 59,6%
|-
| Vitamin B <sub>12</sub>
| 79,7%
|-
| Fosfor
| 87,2%
|-
| Magniy
| 43,0%
|-
| Temir
| 89,5%
|-
| Selen
| 91,5%
|-
| Sink
| 70,8%
|-
| Mis
| 84,2%
|-
| Kalsiy
| 30,9%
|-
| Elyaf
| 8,0%
|-
| Kaliy
| 7,6%
|-
| umumiy yog'dan% kaloriya ≤ 35%
| 59,4%
|-
| To'yingan yog'lardan olingan kaloriyalar <10%
| 55,8%
|-
| Xolesterin miqdori <300&nbsp;mg
| 10,4%
|-
| Natriy isteʼmoli ≤ 2300&nbsp;mg
| 29,8%
|}

== Qo'shimcha izlanish uchun ==

* Qabul qilinadigan kunlik iste'mol - qabul qilishning yuqori chegarasi ([[Birlashgan Qirollik]])
* Kanada oziq-ovqat bo'yicha qo'llanma
* Dietary Reference Values – 
* Dietary Reference Intake – 
* Mineral (oziqlantiruvchi)
* Muhim aminokislotalar
* Muhim yog 'kislotasi
* Muhim ozuqa moddasi
* Oziq-ovqat tarkibi
* Oziq-ovqat piramidasi (oziqlanish)
* Sog'lom ovqatlanish
* Protein sifati
* Reference Daily Intake – 
* Reference Intake – 
* Terapevtik oziq-ovqat #Tarkibi
* Gipervitaminoz - vitamin toksikligi

== Havolalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==

* Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Milliy qishloq xo'jaligi kutubxonasida [https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dietary-reference-intakes parhez ma'lumotnomalari]
* [https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf 2020—2025-yillarga mo'ljallangan AQShning joriy ovqatlanish bo'yicha ko'rsatmalari]
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]