2 m pufak kamerasi (CERN) sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:2_m_bubble_chamber_(main_body).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2_m_bubble_chamber_%28main_body%29.jpg/220px-2_m_bubble_chamber_%28main_body%29.jpg|thumb| CERNdagi 2 m pufak kamerasining asosiy korpusi]]
[[Fayl:2_m_Bubble_Chamber.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2_m_Bubble_Chamber.jpg/220px-2_m_Bubble_Chamber.jpg|thumb| PS oʻchirilganda 2 m pufak kamerasi bir qator oʻzgarishlardan oʻtmoqda.]]
'''2 m pufak''' '''kamerasi''' [[Zarrachalar fizikasi|yuqori energiya fizikasini]] oʻrganish uchun [[CERN]] ning 25 GeV [[Proton sinxrotroni|Proton Sinxrotron]] (PS) mashinasi bilan birgalikda ishlatiladigan qurilma edi. Ushbu kamerani 1958-yilda [[Charles Peyrou]] boshchiligidagi fiziklar, muhandislar, texniklar va dizaynerlarning katta jamoasi bilan qurishga qaror qilindi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Derrick|first=M.|date=1994|title=Bubbles 40: Proceedings of the Conference on the Bubble Chamber and its Contributions to Particle Physics - Giant Chambers|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/232652?ln=en|location=Geneva, Switzerland|publisher=North-Holland|page=197}}</ref>. Ushbu loyiha juda katta hajmga ega edi, shuning uchun uning barcha xususiyatlarini sinchkovlik bilan oʻrganish uchun uzoq muddatli reja kerak edi. Ushbu kameraning bir nechta modellari qurilgan va duch kelgan muammolar avvalgilaridan ham oshib ketgan<ref>{{Cite report|last=Laura Weiss|date=November 1988|title=Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf|publisher=CERN|pages=34–42|quote=4 July 2016}}</ref>. Qurilish faqat uch yil oʻtgach boshlandi va 1964-yilda kamera nihoyat foydalanishga topshirildi<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1965|title=Track Chambers|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479720?ln=en|journal=Annual Report|publisher=CERN|issue=1964|pages=81|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>. Ushbu kamera yuqori energiyali zarralarning oʻzaro taʼsir mexanizmlarini oʻrganishga va ularning qoʻzgʻaluvchan holatlarining xususiyatlarini oʻrganishga bagʻishlangan.

Pufak kamera 1150 litr [[suyuq vodorod]] bilan toʻldirilgan va tepaga joylashtirilgan porshen bilan kengaytirilgan. Kamerada vertikal oynalar, mis gʻaltaklardan tashkil topgan magnit 1,7 T maydon hosil qilgan va butun apparatning ogʻirligi 700 tonnadan ortiq edi<ref name="Weiss88">{{Cite report|last=Laura Weiss|date=November 1988|title=Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf|publisher=CERN|pages=34–42|quote=4 July 2016}}<cite class="citation report cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLaura_Weiss1988">Laura Weiss (November 1988). [https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERNʼs First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). CERN. pp.&nbsp;34-42. <q>4 July 2016</q></cite></ref>. '''2 m pufak kamerasi'''ning kengayish tizimi bitta PS impulsi vaqtida bir nechta kengayishlarga imkon berdi, bu esa har bir nur zarbasi uchun uchta hodisa-fotosuratini olishga imkon beradi.

[[Murray Gell-Mann]] oʻzining SU(3) nazariyasi boʻyicha taklif qilgan Ω<sup>−</sup> hosil qilish uchun 10 GeV/c K — nur kerak edi<ref name="peyrou">{{Cite journal|last=Montanet|first1=Lucien|date=1 June 2003|title=Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868|journal=CERN Courier|publisher=IOP Publishing|volume=43|issue=5|pages=25–28|access-date=11 July 2016|archivedate=2012-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319010958/http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868}}</ref>. Shunday qilib, 1965-yilda elektrostatik separatorlarga qaraganda yuqori energiyada ajratilgan [[Kaon|K]]<sup>-</sup> va [[Kaon|K]]<sup>+</sup> ni olish uchun RF ajratilgan nur qoʻshildi<ref name="reports65">{{Cite journal|date=1966|title=Track Chambers|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479740?ln=en|journal=Annual Report|publisher=CERN|issue=1965|pages=76–82|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>. Bundan tashqari, bu nurlar birinchi va ikkinchi [[G'alatilik|gʻalatilikning]] [[Giperonlar|giperon]] -rezonanslarini oʻrganishga imkon berdi. Bu sohadagi eng puxta urinish kameraning K<sup>-</sup> kaonning 4,2 GeV/c ga massiv taʼsiri boʻldi. Giperon-antigiperon juftlarining hosil boʻlishini oʻrganish uchun 1,2 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c va tinch holatda [[Antiproton|antiprotonlar]] bilan tajribalar va ikki tana hosil qilish mexanizmini oʻrganish uchun 8GeV/c p <sup>+</sup> tajribalari oʻtkazildi<ref name="reports65" />. 2 m pufak kamerasi zaif oʻzaro taʼsirlarni va K<sup>0</sup> yemirilishlarini oʻrganish uchun ham ishlatilgan, chunki u K<sup>0</sup> traektoriyasini turli <math>K^0_S</math> ga mos keladigan masofada parchalanishidan mustaqil ravishda aniqlash imkonini berdi.<ref name="peyrou" />.

Tajribalar turli xil nurlar, yaʼni K<sup>+</sup> (1,2-16 GeV/c), K<sup>-</sup> (2,8-16 GeV/c), p (12-24 GeV/c), anti-p (1,5-12), GeV/c) va π<sup>±</sup> (4-16 GeV/c) bilan amalga oshirildi. Vodorod suyuqligi bilan toʻldirilgan 2 m pufakc kamerasida quyidagi tajribalar bajarilgan: T40, T41, T55, T64, T80, T82, T87, T88, T99, T106, T107, T108, T109, T111, T111 , T111 , T117, T118, T129, T130, T131, T139, T140, T141, T143, T144, T145, T148, T150, T153, T155, T158, T159, T164, T168, T172, T173, T177, T178, T180, T181, T184, T186, T187, T196, T197, T198, T200, T201, T203, T204, T208, T209, T214, T215, T216, T218, T220, T221, T226, T227, T232, T233, T236, T237, T239 ; va deyteriy bilan: T52, T68, T97, T104, T105, T128, T152, T157, T162, T169, T174, T179, T182, T183, T188 , T172 , T192 , T192<ref>{{Cite report|last=Ella W. D. Steel|date=1976|title=List of publications covering bubble-chamber experiments carried out at CERN during the period 1960-1974|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/185878?ln=en|publisher=CERN|pages=1–15|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>.

'''2 m pufak kamerasi''' juda ishonchli, aniq va juda samarali edi. Oʻn ikki yil davomida, yaʼni 1976-yilgacha u 40 millionga yaqin surat olgan, ulardan 7 millionga yaqini deyteriy bilan, qolganlari esa vodorod bilan toʻldirilgan, natijada jami 20 000 km ga yaqin fotoplyonkaga suratga olingan. Fotosuratlar 50 dan ortiq Yevropa laboratoriyalari tomonidan tahlil qilindi va 600 ta nashrga olib keldi<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1978|title=CERN Particle Detectors|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479939?ln=en|journal=Annual Report|publisher=CERN|issue=1977|pages=14–16|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>. Birinchi marta ushbu fotosuratlar shuningdek ularni tahlil qilish uchun zarur boʻlgan dasturlar global miqyosda tarqatildi. Dunyo boʻylab odamlar CERNda oʻtkazilgan tajribalarda oʻz hissalarini qoʻshishlari va ishtirok etishlari mumkin edi. U yopilgandan soʻng, 2 m pufak kamera [[München|Myunxendagi]] Deutsche muzeyiga sovgʻa qilindi<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wenninger|first1=Horst|date=2004|title=In the tracks of the bubble chamber|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29120|journal=CERN Courier|publisher=IOP Publishing|volume=44|issue=6|pages=26–29|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Pufak kamerasi]]

== Manbalar ==
<references />


== Havolalar ==
* <span class="reference-text"><span class="ve-ce-branchNode ve-ce-internalItemNode">{{Cite journal|last=Wenninger|first1=Horst|date=2004|title=In the tracks of the bubble chamber|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29120|journal=CERN Courier|publisher=IOP Publishing|volume=44|issue=6|pages=26–29|access-date=4 July 2016}}<span class="ve-ce-branchNode-slug ve-ce-branchNode-inlineSlug"></span></span></span>
</div>